the counterpart of Abū al-Hudhayl, for the two held opposing positions in denial and affirmation. It was also denied by the Kullābiyya—Abū Muhammad Abd Allāh ibn Sa‘īd ibn Kullāb and his followers—and by a group among the Karrāmiyya, such as Muhammad ibn Sābir. Ibn al-Rāwandī also denied it. Their denial does not constitute agreement on their part