Ashʿarites, Abū al-Maʿālī al-Juwaynī, and the leading figure among the later philosophers and theologians, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Rāzī. In his book, after explaining that resurrection depends upon the atom’s existence and mentioning this more than once in the course of his debate with the philosophers, al-Rāzī said concerning this very question, after presenting the arguments of those who deny the indivisible atom:

“As for the counterarguments they have mentioned, know that some scholars have inclined toward suspending judgment on this question because the evidence conflicts. For Imām al-Haramayn explicitly stated in his book The Abridgment on the Principles of Jurisprudence that this question is among the perplexities of