Then, among those who stated that they had another way of proving the Creator’s existence—such as Abū ‘Abd Allāh al-Rāzī and others, this also being the position of Abū al-Hasan al-Ash‘arī and other accomplished thinkers—some held that establishing the Resurrection depends upon establishing the existence of the indivisible atom. This is the position of Abū ‘Abd Allāh al-Rāzī and others. It provides an escape from the position of those who made it the foundation of belief in Allah: he instead made it the foundation of belief in the Resurrection, while also making it a basis for denying the attributes he rejects, as will be explained.

In one of his most extensive works on speculative theology, which he entitled Nihāyat al-‘uqūl (The Ultimate Attainment of Intellects), he said under the seventeenth principle:

“Know that discussion of the Resurrection is chiefly a debate with the philosophers. They have principles upon which they base their specious objections. We must therefore present those principles first, and then address our intended subject. Accordingly, we have arranged the discussion of this principle in three sections.

The first section concerns the preliminary propositions and contains eight questions.

The first question concerns the indivisible part. There is no doubt that the bodies we observe are susceptible