in that misguidance and joined forces to uphold it, whereupon Allah raised up against it an imam whom He had refined into a keen sword: Abū Muhammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Idrīs al-Awdī. He openly denounced them, forcefully repelled them, publicly exposed their secrets, and shed light on their hidden affairs. Never did the Muslim community suffer from the evil consequences of anything as it suffered from those of that trial. Scarcely a Muslim heart escaped its taint, except those to whom your Lord showed mercy and whom He protected.

As for the trial of denying that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, speaks, the first to introduce this innovation was