Abū Ghaylān. Known as Abū Marwān, he was one of the clients of ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān. He possessed some learning, on the strength of which he spoke before ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān. ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz called upon him to repent, but his subsequent conduct belied his repentance. He was then crucified at the gate of Damascus in the most disgraceful state ever endured by