and the heedless and those of little understanding among them, since these people outwardly clung to the Quran—even if only as a refuge from the sword and a shield against it—and professed monotheism, joined Muslims in discussion, and wore shawls. They therefore laid bare these people’s doctrines, denounced their evil intentions, and exposed their concealed treachery. How long these people endured, in their day, the swords of the caliphs, the tongues of the scholars, and ostracism by the masses! I have filled the Book of Declaring the Jahmiyyah Unbelievers with the pronouncements of Muslim scholars concerning them, the caliphs’ dealings with them, the blows dealt them by Ahl al-Sunnah at large, and the consensus of the Muslims