the early generations and the imams in their denunciations of these groups, speculative theology, and the Jahmiyyah. For they are among the groups best known for this speculative theology, founded on this method—the method of accidents and substances—and for the Jahmī doctrine, namely the negation of the divine attributes. The innovations attributed to the Ashʿarites are remnants of their foundational doctrines. It was on this basis that a number of hadith scholars, jurists, Sufis, and even philosophers characterized them as such, as Abū Nasr mentioned in his epistle to the people of