Abū Sulaymān al-Khattābī in his book Shi'ār al-Dīn (The Emblem of Religion):

“To proceed: One of my brothers asked me to explain what Muslims must know, and cannot be excused for not knowing, concerning religion; to expound its foundations regarding Allah’s oneness and the attributes of the Creator, Most High; to discuss divine decree, predestination and will; to present the evidence for the prophethood of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace; to explain the Quran’s inimitability; and to discuss the relative ranks of the Companions—may Allah be pleased with them all—and related matters. He asked me to present, on each subject, the clearest evidence I know and the easiest to understand, so that it might benefit anyone who is not content with uncritical acceptance in matters of religious belief, yet does not wish to engage in speculative theology or expound matters according to the approach of the speculative theologians.”

He continued his discussion and mentioned several basic arguments: the argument from the creation of the human being; the argument from the combination and harmonious arrangement of opposites; and the argument from the purposive wisdom evident in existence, which Ibn Rushd calls the argument