the divine attributes, as well as those who condemned the innovations of speculative theology, Jahmism, and Murji’ism that they had embraced, Hashwīs. It was from them that the author adopted this usage.

This is further demonstrated by the fact that no recognized scholar or known group in Islam is known to have held the view he attributed to them. A layperson, however, may make a statement without clearly explaining its meaning or the evidence for it, leading a listener to suppose that he holds such a belief. In reality, the Mu‘tazilah and those who agreed with them on this, such as this man, attributed this view to them as an implication of their position, not because they