Fourth, it may be said: Allah has spoken in general terms in His Book and through His Messenger about matters whose details human souls cannot know. For example, He says:

“No soul knows what delights have been kept hidden for them.” [al-Sajdah 17]

Likewise, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Allah Most High says: ‘I have prepared for My righteous servants what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart has ever conceived.’”

Fifth, it may be said: The deficiency you mention arises either from deficient natural capacities, bad habits, or a lack of opportunities to learn. We say to you: As for deficiency, human deficiencies have no limit. Some people cannot understand what most people understand. Yet it is well known that even the most advanced teachings of the philosophers can be understood by an average student of jurisprudence in a short time. Moreover, the religious Law has brought teachings even further beyond deficient natural capacities than these.

As for habit and teaching, the Messenger is the greatest teacher: he taught them the Book and wisdom, and led them away from every bad habit to the best habits