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Al-Rāzī said:
“We say: There are several grounds for showing that these premises are not self-evident.
First: The majority of respected rational thinkers agree that He, exalted is He, does not occupy space and is not confined to any direction; that He does not inhere in the world, nor is He separate from it in any direction. If the falsity of these premises were self-evident, it would be impossible for most rational thinkers to agree in denying them, for so great a multitude of rational thinkers cannot unanimously deny necessary truths.
Indeed, we say: The philosophers agree in affirming the existence of entities that neither occupy space nor inhere in anything that occupies space, such as intellects, souls, and prime matter. They even maintain that what each person refers to when saying ‘I exist’ is neither a body nor corporeal. Yet no one has said that, in making this claim, they deny