and action in all these cases. For example, a person knows Allah Most High and His reward and punishment, and love for Him, or for His reward that he finds pleasing, then arises in his heart. Allah Most High is thus his aim and the One he worships. He wishes to enjoy the bliss he attains, whether it relates to the Most High Himself, such as looking upon Him, or to His creation, such as the things found in Paradise. Both are his aims, and seeking one entails seeking the other, just as seeking the food itself and seeking the pleasure of eating are inseparable. He then wills and performs the deeds that lead to this.

It is well known that mere knowledge of things conceived by the mind cannot replace the will and power to bring them about. Whoever claims that knowledge alone suffices to bring its objects into existence is obstinately and brazenly denying the obvious, for this is certainly not the case in the observable realm. As for the unobserved realm, the most he can do is come to know it through some form of reasoning: syllogistic inference or analogy.