his statement that evidence from revelation does not yield certainty, he cursed him for it and said, “This nullifies Islam.” This has been discussed at length in several places.

The point here is to show that his claim that every piece of evidence from revelation depends upon conjectural premises is self-evidently false. Were this correct, no one could be certain of anyone else’s meaning, and knowledge of any speaker’s intended meaning would amount to nothing more than conjecture. This is self-evidently untenable.

If an ordinary person can express his meaning clearly enough for it to be known with certainty, scholars are all the more capable of doing so. If the intended meaning of scholars who write works in the various disciplines can be known with certainty in most of what they say—as with jurists, physicians, mathematicians, and others—then the Messenger, the most perfect of all creation in knowledge, clarity of expression, and sincerity of counsel, is all the more capable of making his meaning clear and having it known with certainty. The speech of Allah Most High is more perfect than the speech of the Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and clearer in its expression, so it is all the more deserving