his claim that human expression, speech, and utterance do not make a person’s intended meaning known, and that the Quran, which Allah Most High taught His servants and spoke Himself, does not make His intended meaning known. This is a denial of the blessing of the Quran and clear expression.

We have already cited verses establishing that the Quran cannot contain anything whose intended meaning cannot be known; that Allah Most High called it clarification, guidance, and light; and that He commanded people to reflect upon it and ponder it. Other verses likewise indicate that He made it clear and made its meaning known.

If this demonstrates the invalidity of the view that the intended meaning of some of the Quran cannot be known, then the view that none of the revealed proofs make their intended meaning known or can be used as evidence in matters of knowledge is, in many respects, even more invalid.

In several passages, Allah Most High has condemned those who do not understand His words and counted them among the disbelievers and hypocrites. For example, He Most High says:

“Among them are those who listen to you, until, when they depart from