and the former is illustrated by His words, exalted is He:

“Allah intends ease for you and does not intend hardship for you.” [al-Baqarah 185]

And His words:

“Allah does not intend to place you in difficulty, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you.” [al-Mā’idah 6]

And His words:

“Allah intends to make things clear to you, guide you to the ways of those before you, and accept your repentance.” [al-Nisā’ 26]

And His words:

“Allah intends only to remove impurity from you, O people of the household.” [al-Ahzāb 33]

The latter is illustrated by the words of Noah, peace be upon him:

“My advice will not benefit you, even if I wish to advise you, if Allah wills to lead you astray.” [Hūd 34]

And His words:

“So whoever Allah wills to guide, He opens his heart to Islam; and whoever He wills to lead astray, He makes his heart tight and constricted.” [al-An‘ām 125]

And there are other examples like these. The term “permission” in its religious sense occurs in His words, exalted is He:

“Indeed, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of good tidings, and a warner (45), and as one who calls to Allah by His permission, and as an illuminating lamp (46).” [al-Ahzāb 45–46]

And He, exalted is He, says:

“Whatever palm trees you cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah’s permission, so that He might disgrace the defiantly disobedient (5).” [al-Hashr 5]

As for permission in the purely creational sense, He, exalted is He, says:

“But they are not