Bayān Talbīs al-JahmiyyaIbn Taimiya

And He, exalted is He, says:

“Do not call one another by offensive nicknames. Wretched is the name of wickedness after faith.” [al-Hujurāt 11]

And He, exalted is He, says:

“Is someone who is a believer like someone who is wicked? They are not equal (18),” continuing to His words, “But as for those who acted wickedly, their refuge is the Fire.” [al-Sajdah 18–20]

And He, exalted is He, says:

“And when We said to the angels, ‘Prostrate before Adam,’ they prostrated, except Iblīs. He was one of the jinn and rebelled against his Lord’s command. Will you then take him and his descendants as allies instead of Me, while they are enemies to you? What an evil exchange for the wrongdoers (50).” [al-Kahf 50]

And He, exalted is He, says:

“Abandon sin, both outward and inward.” [al-An‘ām 120]

And He, exalted is He, says:

“Cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression. And fear Allah.” [al-Mā’idah 2]

And He, exalted is He, says:

“When you converse privately, do not converse about sin, aggression, and disobedience to the Messenger. Rather, converse about righteousness and piety. And fear Allah, to whom you will be gathered (9).” [al-Mujādilah 9]

There are many passages like these. This verse and others like it have been discussed at length elsewhere. It has been explained that the terms command, will, permission, judgment, decree, writing, words, prohibition, raising up, sending forth, and others have both religious and creational senses: one pertaining to revealed law, the other to divine decree. Creation and command belong to the Lord, exalted is He, and we must believe in His religion and His revealed law, just as we must believe in His decree and predestination. Thus, the term “will” can mean love and approval of what He has prescribed, or His willing of what He creates.

وقال تعالى وَلَا تَنَابَزُوا بِالْأَلْقَابِ بِئْسَ الِاسْمُ الْفُسُوقُ بَعْدَ الْإِيمَانِ [الحجرات ١١] وقال تعالى أَفَمَنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا كَمَنْ كَانَ فَاسِقًا لَا يَسْتَوُونَ (١٨) إلى قوله تعالى وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فَسَقُوا فَمَأْوَاهُمُ النَّارُ [السجدة ١٨-٢٠] وقال تعالى وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِ أَفَتَتَّخِذُونَهُ وَذُرِّيَّتَهُ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِنْ دُونِي وَهُمْ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ بِئْسَ لِلظَّالِمِينَ بَدَلًا (٥٠) [الكهف ٥٠] وقال تعالى وَذَرُوا ظَاهِرَ الْإِثْمِ وَبَاطِنَهُ [الأنعام ١٢٠] وقال تعالى وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ [المائدة ٢] وقال تعالى إِذَا تَنَاجَيْتُمْ فَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَمَعْصِيَتِ الرَّسُولِ وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي إِلَيْهِ تُحْشَرُونَ (٩) [المجادلة ٩] ومثل هذا كثير وقد بسط الكلام على هذه الآية ونحوها في غير هذا الموضع وبين أن لفظ الأمر والإرادة والإذن والحكم والقضاء والكتاب والكلمات والتحريم والبعث والإرسال وغير ذلك ينقسم إلى ديني وكوني شرعي وقدري فالرب تعالى له الخلق والأمر وعلينا أن نؤمن بدينه وبشرعه ونؤمن بقضائه وقدره فلفظ الإرادة يكون بمعنى المحبة والرضى لما شرعه وبمعنى المشيئة لما يخلقه

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