Bayān Talbīs al-JahmiyyaIbn Taimiya

[al-Naml: 25–26]

He describes Himself in several places as the Possessor of the Throne, as in His words:

“He is the All-Forgiving, the Most Loving, (14) Possessor of the Throne, the Glorious. (15)” [al-Burūj: 14–15]

And His words:

“Say, ‘If there were other gods with Him, as they claim, they would have sought a way to the Possessor of the Throne.’ (42)” [al-Isrā’: 42]

And His words:

“Exalted in rank, Possessor of the Throne, He sends revelation by His command to whomever He wills of His servants.” [Ghāfir: 15]

All of this shows that the Throne has a distinct status. Likewise, He singles out the Spirit from among the angels, as in His words:

“The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day whose measure is fifty thousand years. (4)” [al-Ma‘ārij: 4]

And His words:

“On the Day when the Spirit and the angels stand in rows, none will speak except those whom the Most Merciful permits and who speak rightly. (38)” [al-Naba’: 38]

And His words:

“The angels and the Spirit descend during it, by their Lord’s permission, with every decree. (4) Peace.” [al-Qadr: 4–5]

Yet it is known that all of these are created by Allah and belong to Him, that He is the Lord of them all, and that they are His servants.

Nothing whose details He has left unmentioned contradicts what is known in general or what He has related in detail. Thus, al-Bukhārī reported that Sulaymān al-Taymī said:

“If I were asked, ‘Where is Allah?’ I would say, ‘In heaven.’ If I were then asked, ‘Where was He before He created heaven?’ I would say, ‘Upon His Throne, above the water.’ If I were then asked, ‘Where was He before that?’ I would say, ‘I do not know.’

[النمل: ٢٥-٢٦] وذكر نفسه بأنه ذو العرش في غير موضع، كقوله تعالى: {وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الْوَدُودُ (١٤) ذُو الْعَرْشِ الْمَجِيدُ (١٥) } [البروج: ١٤-١٥] وقوله تعالى: {قُل لَّوْ كَانَ مَعَهُ آلِهَةٌ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذًا لَّابْتَغَوْا إِلَى ذِي الْعَرْشِ سَبِيلًا (٤٢) } [الإسراء: ٤٢] وقوله: {رَفِيعُ الدَّرَجَاتِ ذُو الْعَرْشِ يُلْقِي الرُّوحَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ عَلَى مَن يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ} [غافر: ١٥] فهذا كله يبين أن العرش له شأن آخر. كما أن الروح خصه من بين الملائكة في مثل قوله: {تَعْرُجُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ إِلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ (٤) } [المعارج: ٤] وفي قوله: {يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الرُّوحُ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ صَفًّا لَّا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ الرحْمَنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا (٣٨) } [النبأ: ٣٨] وفي قوله تعالى: {تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ (٤) سَلَامٌ} [القدر: ٤-٥] مع العلم أن ذلك جميعه مخلوق لله مملوك له، وأنه رب ذلك كله، وهم عباده. وليس فيما سكت عن الإخبار بتفصيله، ما ينافي ما علم مجملًا، وما أخبر به مفصلًا، كما ذكر البخاري، عن سليمان التيمي، أنه قال: «لو قيل لي: أين الله؟ لقلت: في السماء، فلو قيل لي: أين كان قبل أن يخلق السماء؟ لقلت: على عرشه على الماء، فلو قيل لي: أين كان قبل ذلك؟ لقلت: لا أدري.

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