and whom Allah has led astray with knowledge, sealing his hearing and his heart and placing a veil over his sight? Who, then, can guide him after Allah? Will you not take heed?” (23) [al-Jāthiyah 23]

He also said:

“Even if We sent down the angels to them, and the dead spoke to them, and We gathered everything before them face to face, they would not believe unless Allah willed.” [al-An‘ām 111]

Likewise, one group interpreted the sun, moon and stars as referring to the intellect and soul expounded by certain philosophers. Another group interpreted Gabriel as an image formed in the Prophet’s mind, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, even though Allah Most High says:

“Indeed, this is the word of a noble messenger (19), endowed with strength and of high standing with the Lord of the Throne (20), obeyed there and trustworthy (21).”

Then He said:

“Your companion is not mad (22). He certainly saw him on the clear horizon (23).” [al-Takwīr 19–23]

Thus, He states that he is endowed with strength, of high standing with the Lord of the Throne, obeyed there and trustworthy. He also states that the Messenger saw him on the clear horizon. In another passage, He says:

“He was taught by one mighty in power (5), endowed with vigour, who stood poised (6) on the highest horizon (7). Then he drew near and descended (8), until he was two bow-lengths away or nearer (9).”