difference and distinction. Examples of this are plentiful. Yet some people may find the resemblance confusing, so that they cannot distinguish between the two, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“The lawful is clear, and the unlawful is clear. Between them are doubtful matters which many people do not know.”

This indicates that some people do know them and can distinguish the lawful from the unlawful among them, even though others cannot. Thus, some people may recognize the distinctions between doubtful matters while others do not.

This point deserves careful examination, for He, glorified and exalted, has described the entire Quran as perfected in several verses, such as His words:

“Its verses have been perfected and then explained in detail.” [Hūd 1]

And His words:

“Alif Lām Rā. These are the verses of the wise Book.” (1) [Yūnus 1]

And His words:

“Alif Lām Mīm. (1) These are the verses of the wise Book.” (2) [Luqmān 1–2]

And His words:

“This We recite to you of the signs and the wise Reminder.” (58) [Āl ʿImrān 58]

He has likewise described it as a clarification and as clear, as in His words:

“A Messenger reciting to you Allah’s clear verses, to bring those who believe and do righteous deeds out of darkness into light.” [al-Talāq 11]

He has also described it as clear in His words:

“These are the verses of the Quran and a clear Book.” (1) [al-Naml 1]

And His words: “These are