determined by its meanings, not by the words that convey those meanings. As for wording whose meaning is unknown, it cannot be described as either true or false.

Section

Al-Rāzī said:

“Chapter Two: Describing the Quran as Muhkam and Mutashābih

Know that Allah’s Book indicates that it is entirely perfected (muhkam), that its parts all resemble one another (mutashābih), and that some of it is clear (muhkam) and some ambiguous (mutashābih).

As for what indicates that it is entirely perfected, Allah Most High says:

‘Alif Lām Rā. This is a Book whose verses have been perfected, then set out in detail, from One who is All-Wise, All-Aware.’ (1) [Hūd 1]

And He says:

‘Alif Lām Rā. These are the verses of the wise Book.’ (1) [Yūnus 1]

In these two verses, He states that the whole of it is perfected. What is meant by muhkam in this sense is that it is true in its wording and true in its meanings. Thus, the Quran surpasses every other discourse in both wording and meaning, and no one among