—it is permissible only on the basis of oral reports, once these have been established through transmission. The word tafsīr (explanation) derives from tafsirah, the diagnostic urine sample that a physician examines to discover the patient’s ailment. Likewise, the commentator uncovers the circumstances and narrative of the verse. The word taʾwīl (interpretation) derives from awl, meaning ‘return’. One says awwaltuhu, meaning ‘I turned it, and it turned.’”

He also cited a report through Ishāq ibn Rāhawayh: “Jarīr ibn ʿAbd al-Hamīd narrated to us