and the Messenger is responsible only for conveying the message clearly (54).” [al-Nūr 54]

It is well known that clear conveyance cannot be achieved through speech that no one can understand—speech that neither the Messenger nor those to whom he was sent can understand. Exalted is Allah above anything of the sort.

The thirteenth is His saying, Most High:

“Mankind was one community. Then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good tidings and warnings, and sent down with them the Book in truth to judge between people concerning their differences. Yet none differed over it except those who had been given it.” [al-Baqarah 213]

It is well known that Allah’s judgment through the Book, or the Book’s judgment between those who differ, is possible only if they know what He has ruled through the Book and what judgments the Book contains. This is possible only if its meaning can be understood and its intended message grasped, not if that is impossible.

The fourteenth is His saying, Most High:

“By Allah, We certainly sent messengers to nations before you, but Satan made their deeds appealing to them. So he is their ally today, and they will have a painful punishment (63). We have sent down the Book to you only so that you may make clear to them that over which they differ.” [al-Nahl 63–64]

Clarifying this through the Book is possible only if the Book can be understood. If understanding it is impossible, then it cannot clarify the matters over which people differ.

The fifteenth is His saying, Most High:

“How can you disbelieve when Allah’s verses are being recited to you and His Messenger is among you? Whoever holds fast to Allah has indeed been guided to a straight path (101).” [Āl ʿImrān 101]

It is well known that the recitation of Allah’s verses can only