and through Allah—indeed, it is Allah.”

They should therefore be told: The matters contained in this discourse—and necessarily entailed by the position of the Jahmīs, who say that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is not above the Throne but is everywhere—include the following claims: that calling someone to Allah is a stratagem against the person being called, since he is at the end just as he was at the beginning; that the traveller to Allah along the straight path deviates and strays from the intended goal, having an imagined object as his ultimate destination, so that he has a “from” and a “to,” travelling from one thing to another; whereas the bewildered person, who revolves without departing or going anywhere other than where he already is, possesses the fullest existence and is the one granted comprehensive words and wisdom; and that the call to Allah is not to His very being, but to relations and attributions to Him, which this man has designated as names.

Although these proponents of union are Jahmīs, they hold subsidiary doctrines that distinguish them from other Jahmīs. However, we shall mention what is necessarily entailed by the position of others