which contradicted the revealed text, and followed his own desire in arrogantly refusing to obey his Lord, the Most High.

Thus, whoever follows conjecture and the desires of the soul, abandoning the guidance and the religion of truth—which Allah Most High has made clear and commanded in His Books and through His messengers, made innate in His servants, and illustrated through examples both seen and heard—is following Iblīs in this and has a share in His words:

“I will surely fill Hell with you and all those among them who follow you. (85)” [Sād: 85]

As Muhammad ibn Sīrīn said: “The first to employ analogy was Iblīs, and it was only through analogies that the sun and moon came to be worshipped.”

Hence the hadith narrated by al-Tirmidhī and others, from ‘Alī, from the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, describing the Quran:

“Any tyrant who abandons it will be crushed by Allah, and whoever seeks guidance elsewhere will be led astray by