bodies. This being so, it is clear that all these reinterpretations are invalid, because negating them entails affirming them, and anything whose nonexistence entails its existence cannot be nonexistent. Moreover, it is self-evident in Islam and every religion that this is false. It is also self-evidently false on rational grounds, for anyone who acknowledges something existent must understand some meaning conveyed by a word. We have already explained that even the most extreme heretics, who do not call Him by any name, must