and none is comparable to Him.”

I know of no one among the early theologians, or others, who used this interpretation of al-Samad as evidence for denying that He is a body. However, a group of later scholars did mention this, so that this interpretation became ambiguous in its implications.

When discussing the interpretation “the One who has no hollow interior,” al-Zajjājī said: “It is as though he intended to deny that He—majestic and mighty—is corporeal or bounded. On this understanding, the letter dāl would, in Arabic, be a substitute for tāʾ.”

Judge Abū Bakr ibn al-ʿArabī said: “Al-Samad