Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw his Lord, Mighty and Majestic, whether with his heart, in a dream, or otherwise. These Jahmiyyah are misguided by the consensus of Ahl al-Sunnah. This is why Ahmad condemned their rejection of the reports on this matter that the scholars have accepted, as we shall mention, Allah Most High willing. If they deny that Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw his Lord with his heart or in a dream, they are all the more vehement in denying that anyone else could see Him.

Scholars among our companions and others have reported this position from various groups of the Jahmiyyah. Even among the Muʿtazilah, some maintain that He may be seen with the heart, meaning that He may be known, while others deny this. Al-Ashʿarī reported this in al-Maqālāt, saying:

“The Muʿtazilah unanimously agreed that Allah cannot be seen with the eyes, but they differed over whether He can be seen with the heart. Abū al-Hudhayl and most of the Muʿtazilah said, ‘We see Allah with our hearts, meaning that we know Him with our hearts.’ Hishām al-Fuwatī and ʿImād ibn Sulaymān, however, rejected