respect, as we have explained their doctrine at length elsewhere. In reality, their doctrine is that of Pharaoh, who denied the Lord of the worlds. Indeed, some of their leading transgressors themselves say, “Our doctrine is Pharaoh’s doctrine.” But Pharaoh denied the existence of the Real altogether, whereas these people acknowledged Him, saying that He is the existence which Pharaoh acknowledged—namely, the existence of created beings. Thus, they differed from Pharaoh in their belief and intention, since they believed themselves, in some respects, to acknowledge Allah and worship Him—even though, in their view, the worshipper, the one worshipped, and the one acknowledging Allah are none other than Allah Himself.

What concerns us here is their doctrine regarding the form of Allah, as Ibn ‘Arabī, the author of The Bezels, said in “The Bezel of a Wisdom of Oneness in