and sovereignty—these, in his view, constitute the world of command, not the world of creation. If he nevertheless claims that the term “creation” applies only to what belongs to the world of command rather than the world of creation, this would be a most glaring contradiction and would demonstrate the unsoundness of his discussion of this subject.

The twelfth point: At most, this would mean that He created him according to some of His attributes, namely, the attribute of governing creation without dwelling within it. This is weaker than the claim that He created him according to the attributes of life, knowledge, and power. The interpretation of the word “image” as these attributes has already been refuted in sufficient detail. All of that demonstrates, with even greater force, the invalidity of this view. All the foregoing arguments concern the attribute.

The thirteenth point: Applying the expression “the image of Allah” to nothing more than