and the Sabians on many fundamental principles, they have shared many fundamental principles with them. They have departed from the religion of Islam to the extent that they have shared in these groups’ errors, and retain of Islam as much as they share with the Muslims in truth. Some of that truth is also held by those groups, while some is truth concerning which they differ with them.

The Mu'tazilites, who combined Jahmī and Qadarī doctrines, began to spread and gain prominence during the second century AH, although the innovated doctrine of the Qadariyyah had arisen during the first century AH. Thereafter, this grew more extreme, and among many people there appeared elements of the doctrines of the Sabians and the Magians that