real, external, concrete existence: when one has an actual, established existence and the other has an actual, established existence; one subsists in its own right; one possesses attributes and the other possesses attributes; one is distinct and separate from everything else and the other is distinct and separate from everything else; one is living and the other is living; one is knowing and the other is knowing; one is powerful and the other is powerful; one hears and the other hears; one sees and the other sees; one is compassionate and merciful and the other is compassionate and merciful; one is great and mighty and the other is great and mighty; one is samad and the other is samad; one is one and the other is one.
We have explained that, of two externally existing things, neither shares in the other’s individual self, existence, or essence. Rather, each possesses these exclusively and is distinct in its own essence. Nevertheless, one resembles the other to a lesser or greater degree, whether the resemblance is slight or considerable, remote or close. They resemble one another only in some respect, and that respect in which