various forms of misguidance in these interpretations, this is nevertheless necessarily known by reason in the case of the interpretations mentioned by this founder and others like him. Such cases are too numerous to count. Whenever people of reason and knowledge hear many of these interpretations or encounter them in written works, they recognize their manifest absurdity in light of self-evident rational truths. They never cease to marvel that people of considerable scholarly renown should embrace such interpretations. I have witnessed and heard astonishing instances of this. Here, however, we shall draw attention to some of what this founder has mentioned, through a few examples.

The first is his statement interpreting the words of the Most High:

“And your Lord comes with the angels, rank upon rank” (22) [al-Fajr 22].

“The second explanation is that rabb (lord) means one who nurtures. Perhaps, then, a mighty angel—the greatest of the angels—nurtured Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and was the one intended by His words, ‘And your Lord comes.’”

Could anyone with even the slightest measure of reason and faith doubt that it is necessarily known in the religion of Islam that this is among the gravest fabrications against Allah, His Messenger, and His words, and that Allah has not appointed for Muhammad