is the speech of Allah, which Gabriel brought down to Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Every follower of deviant beliefs worships Allah and knows Him, except the Jahmiyyah—Bishr and his followers—for they do not know Him.”

Shabābah ibn Sawwār said, “I, a group of jurists, and Abū al-Nadr Hāshim ibn al-Qāsim agreed that al-Marīsī is a disbeliever who denies the truth. He must be called upon to repent; if he repents, well and good; otherwise, he is to be beheaded.”

Ibn ‘Uyaynah said, “This man who says what he does about the Quran—meaning al-Marīsī—ought to