and the proponent of this view is Abū al-Husayn al-Sālihī.”

He then mentioned the other doctrines of the Murjiʾa, which are sounder than these two views, saying:

“The third sect of the Murjiʾa claims that faith consists of knowledge of Allah, submission to Him—which means renouncing arrogance toward Him—and love for Him. Whoever possesses all these qualities is a believer. They claimed that Iblīs had knowledge of Allah, but became an unbeliever through his arrogance toward Allah. This is the view of some of the followers of Yūnus al-Samarī. They claimed that although a person cannot be a believer without possessing all the qualities we have mentioned, he may become an unbeliever by abandoning one of them. Yūnus, however, did not hold this view.

The fourth sect among them, the followers of Abū Shamir and Yūnus,