al-Ashʿarī—did live through that period. However, Ibn Karrām was in Sijistān and the surrounding regions, while Ibn Kullāb was in Basra, as was al-Ashʿarī. Their era was also that of the leading compilers of hadith collections, such as al-Bukhārī, Muslim, Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, al-Nasāʾī, and Ibn Mājah.

Nevertheless, in his Maqālāt, al-Ashʿarī mentioned no doctrine peculiar to the Karrāmiyya, except that he counted them among the sects of the Murjiʾa. He said:

“The Murjiʾa differed over the nature of faith, and they comprise twelve sects. The first sect among them claims that faith in Allah consists solely of knowledge of Allah, His Messenger, and everything that has come from Him; and that anything other than knowledge—verbal profession, submission of the heart, love for Allah and His Messenger, reverence for them, fear of them, and knowledge through the limbs—is not faith. They further claimed