questions, to seek refuge in Allah from them and desist. For Satan puts these questions into his mind to make him doubt the truth. As ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

“The angel gives a prompting, and Satan gives a prompting. The angel’s prompting promises good and affirms the truth, while Satan’s prompting promises evil and denies the truth.”

The eleventh argument: What they have stated is refuted by all the originated events mentioned in these arguments, and by every existent, attribute, and power in existence. For there is nothing that exists—whether a heaven, an earth, a night, a celestial sphere, a star, a human being, an animal, or a plant—that is not distinguished by numerous particular features in its dimensions, attributes, place, and time.

This can be presented in two ways. The first is to refute their claim by all originated events, for one may say concerning every originated event: