it had not previously proceeded from it. If you have no syllogistic argument establishing this, an argument by analogy is even further out of reach. Thus, his judgment that the Necessary Existent brings nothing into being is entirely without knowledge: it is neither self-evident nor established by proof.

The source of the error of these polytheistic Sabians, the polytheistic Magians, and other kinds of polytheists is a false analogy that equates Allah with others and treats something other than Allah as His equal, rival, likeness, and peer. Sometimes they equate Him with existing beings that act through a will within them; at other times, they equate Him with existing things that act through a force within them, without life. These people are among those who have most cause to say:

“By Allah, we were indeed in manifest error {97} when we equated you with the Lord of all worlds. {98}”
[al-Shuʿarāʾ 97–98]