or is said to be either separate from another or co-located with it. If it is said to be either separate or neither separate nor co-located, this is like saying that it is either beginningless, originated, or neither beginningless nor originated. This division is conceptual, and its third category is impossible in external reality, unlike the first category.

If it is said that an existent is either situated in space or not, this is like saying that it is either in time or not. Such terminology is valid in external reality, provided that “space” does not mean bodies or their attributes, and “time” does not mean the measure of their motions or something similar. For the bodies of the world themselves are not in space in this sense, nor are they in time. Likewise, time is not situated within another time.

If it is said that an existent either occupies a spatial region or does not, this is like saying that it either exists within duration or does not. By “duration” is meant that within which the mind conceives times to exist. It is well known that, for every existent, the mind can conceive a succession of times accompanying it—if its existence has no end—even if no such succession actually exists. Likewise, for every existent, the mind can conceive empty spatial regions alongside it, within which it posits places without end. This, too, has no existence in external reality. What exists in external reality is the continued existence and endurance of the True One. People dispute whether what endures does so by virtue of endurance or not; and likewise