the two groups—those who deny the attributes and those who affirm them.

They have transmitted through sound chains of transmission from the Companions and the Successors that al-Samad means “the One who has no hollow interior.” Some of them expressed it as: “Nothing comes out of Him.” Thus, Ibn Abī ʿĀsim and al-Tabarānī narrated through several routes from ʿIkrima that he said: “Al-Samad is the One who has no hollow interior.” And in Ibn Abī Shayba’s narration from