in disbelief and in vilifying and reviling Allah. Glorified and exalted is He, far above what the wrongdoers say.

What emerges from the statements of the imams is that the fundamental claim by which these Jahmīs mislead people is nothing but declaring Allah free of imperfections. They call themselves those who uphold His transcendence, yet they are the furthest of all creation from declaring Allah free of imperfections and the closest to defiling His sanctity. This becomes evident in many ways, but the point mentioned here is their assertion that He is in every place, including filthy, impure places. What affirmation of His transcendence and holiness can there be when they place Him in impurities and filth, in dogs and pigs—indeed, when they explicitly declare this? I was even told by someone who had witnessed al-Tilimsānī, the most adept of their accomplished exponents, and another of