from a single source: the denial that He is above the Throne. When they denied this truth—which He made innate to His servants, with which He sent His messengers and revealed His Books, and upon which those who believe in Him are agreed—they subsequently went their separate ways. The falsity of either position entails the falsity of the foundation of the other. Each position contradicts the other, yet neither side can refute its opponent’s position while maintaining its own. It must therefore either accept its opponent’s falsehood or return to the truth. Whenever either side conclusively refutes its opponent’s position, it necessarily refutes its own.

The proofs refuting the position of the advocates of indwelling and union, who say