and it likewise follows that they affirm no separateness for Him beyond separateness in essential nature and time, and that everyone who says He is not outside the world affirms no separateness beyond that shared by a locus and what indwells it. This is necessarily known to be false, as explained above.

The eighth point: Their fellow Jahmīs, who agree with them in denying that He is outside the world, may say to them, “He is in every place, and every place indwells Him.” They cannot deny this of Him using these arguments, as explained above. Nor can those who say that He is in every place substantiate this claim by what negates His being outside the world. The position of one of the two groups would thus preclude the validity of the other’s position. This entails that both positions are false, and their both being false requires that He be outside the world.

To clarify: whoever says that He is in every place assigns Him a determinate size, bounded by the dimensions of the world. Thus, every argument used to deny His being above the Throne applies with even greater force to denying His being in every place. For this position attributes to Him qualities that are impossible for Him, allows that He may have deficiencies, and makes Him susceptible to increase and decrease, among other things not entailed by His being outside the world.

Whoever says that He is neither inside nor outside the world either affirms His separateness from the world beyond separateness in essential nature