revelation, nor is refraining from wrongdoing obligatory by virtue of the Maker, in the sense that one would deserve punishment or blame from Him.

He said: “The Qadariyyah claimed that reasoning to establish that the world came into existence, the beginninglessness of its Maker and His attributes, showing gratitude to them after knowing Him, and refraining from wrongdoing as an obligation owed to Him are incumbent upon a person by reason alone. The messengers came to confirm what it contains—that is, what his reason declares obligatory. The coming of revelation may also be an act of grace for some, since faith comes about with it.” End of quotation. He cited the remainder of his statement.

I say: It has thus become clear that by ‘the adherents of truth’ he means his own associates.