and true understanding, to the exclusion of those who do not follow this path. The Ittihādiyya claim that they are the choicest of Allah’s elect, to the exclusion of all His other servants, while the Rāfidah claim that they alone are Allah’s pious allies. The claims of these speculative theologians and Jahmiyya, and those of the Rāfidah, Ittihādiyya, Qarmatians, and esotericists, are among the claims made by the worst of creation. So praise be to Allah, who has guided us through Islam and bestowed His favor upon us