at the birds of the sky: they neither sow nor reap, yet your Father who is in heaven provides for them.’ Evidence of this kind is abundant.”

Imam Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Ishāq ibn Khuzayma said in his book al-Tawhīd (Divine Oneness): “Chapter explaining that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, is in heaven, as He has informed us in His clear revelation and through His Prophet, and as Muslims understand by their innate nature—their learned and unlearned, their free people