Bayān Talbīs al-JahmiyyaIbn Taimiya

and what is false, only what is false is to be denied, not what is true. Whoever affirms what is true or denies what is false is to be agreed with, while whoever affirms what is false or denies what is true is to be opposed.

If, however, the dispute concerns wording, then revelation must be followed regarding the names and attributes used to describe the Creator, whether by affirmation or negation. Allah is to be described only as He has described Himself or as His Messenger has described Him, whether affirming or denying anything of Him. Allah, glorified and exalted, has declared that He is One and Self-Sufficient. He has declared Himself free of having a parent, offspring, a partner, an equal or a namesake, and free of need, sleep and everything else indicated in the Quran. Neither He nor His Messenger nor the people of knowledge and faith in Him have stated that He is not a body, a substance, something that occupies space, or in a direction; nor have they stated that His attributes are not accidents, do not subsist in another, or anything of that kind.

Likewise, regarding affirmation, His are the Most Beautiful Names by which He is invoked. These names do not include calling Him a body, a substance or anything similar, nor do they include calling His attributes accidents or the like. Neither of these two usages, therefore, is unconditionally prescribed, nor is it unconditionally forbidden. Rather, if someone affirms a true meaning and denies a false meaning, and needs to express this in particular terms so that the person being addressed can understand—because these terms belong to that person’s language, or for a similar reason—this is not forbidden. It falls under translating His names and verses into another language so that its speakers can understand the meanings of His words and names. This is permissible; indeed, it is sometimes recommended and sometimes obligatory, even though it is not unconditionally prescribed—as when addressing those who employ these specialized terminologies concerning Allah’s names and attributes and the foundations of religion

وباطلاً نفى الباطل دون الحق ومن أثبت حقاً أو نفى باطلاً أقر ومن أثبت باطلاً أو نفى حقاً منع وإن كان النزاع في اللفظ فما يوصف به الباري نفياً وإثباتاً من الأسماء والصفات فالمتبع فيه الشريعة فلا يوصف الله إلا بما وصف به نفسه أو وصفه به رسوله لا من الإثبات ولا من النفي والله سبحانه وتعالى قد أخبر أنه أحد صمد ونزه نفسه عن الوالد والولد والشريك والكفو والسمي والحاجة والنوم وغير ذلك مما دل عليه القرآن ولم يذكر هو ولا رسوله ولا أهل العلم والإيمان به أنه ليس بجسم ولا جوهر ولا متحيز ولا في جهة ولا أن صفاته ليست بعرض ولا قائمة بالغير ولا نحو ذلك وكذلك في الإثبات له الأسماء الحسنى التي يدعى بها وليس في تلك الأسماء أنه جسم ولا جوهر ونحو ذلك ولا أن صفاته تسمى أعراضاً ونحو ذلك فلم يكن واحد من هذين مشروعاً على الإطلاق ولا هو أيضاً منهياً عنه على الإطلاق بل إذا أثبت الرجل معنى حقاً ونفى معنى باطلاً واحتاج إلى التعبير عن ذلك بعبارة لأجل إفهام المخاطب لأنها من لغة المخاطب ونحو ذلك لم يكن ذلك منهياً عنه لأن ذلك يكون من باب ترجمة أسمائه وآياته بلغة أخرى ليفهم أهل تلك اللغة معاني كلامه وأسمائه وهذا جائز بل مستحب أحياناً بل واجب أحياناً وإن لم يكن ذلك مشروعاً على الإطلاق كمخاطبة أهل هذه الاصطلاحات الخاصة في أسماء الله وصفاته وأصول الدين

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