and everything that subsists in itself can be separate from it in every direction, since everything other than it can be above it. If that is so, the implication of the counterargument may be conceded: Allah Most High can be separate from the world in all its directions, because all its directions—because all its directions—are upward; it has no other direction. It thus becomes clear that the argument’s conclusion can be accepted. Do you not see that the surface of the Throne is likewise separate from the world?

The sixth point concerns his statement: “That entails the possibility of His moving from above to below, which they do not affirm.” We reply: This is an argument addressed to the opponent on his own terms, and whether such movement is possible is a well-known matter of dispute.