and he often says, “The philosophers agree,” when all he has to go on is what Ibn Sīnā has stated. What Ibn Sīnā states, however, is not the position of all philosophers. Rather, the philosophers are far too divided and comprise too many schools for their views to be encompassed by the statements of Ibn Sīnā or anyone else. Muslim authors who have written accounts of doctrines, such as Abū al-Hasan al-Ashʿarī, al-Nawbakhtī, al-Bāqillānī, and others, have reported many times more philosophical doctrines than Ibn Sīnā and this author mention.

Likewise, he reports that the majority of the Muʿtazilites affirm volitions, aversions, and annihilation that do not subsist in a subject. Yet this is only the position of some of the Basrans, namely Abū ʿAlī, Abū Hāshim, and others like them. They do not represent the majority of the Muʿtazilites; rather, the Muʿtazilites hold views concerning will, aversion, and annihilation