and among the most learned. He enjoys a most honorable reputation. Al-Qādir ordered that those among the Muʿtazilah and others who opposed that creed be required to repent. Shaykh Abū Hāmid al-Isfarāyīnī, the leading Shāfiʿī scholar, and Shaykh Abū ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hāmid, the leading Hanbalī scholar, took a stand against