Sabuktakīn. He was among the finest kings of the East in his Islam, intellect, religious devotion, striving in Allah’s cause, and governance, at the close of the fourth century AH. His reign fell within the caliphate of al-Qādir.

By then, the call of the heretical hypocrites had spread widely. They were based in Egypt at that time and had built Cairo and other cities. They had emissaries from the remotest regions of the earth, in the East and elsewhere, and the father of Ibn